SR9009 comes up often in conversation and rarely with the context attached. Here we lay out the basics in order, then work through the practical considerations.
Last reviewed on 2026-06-28. Where a claim depends on a specific study, the study is described rather than over-claimed.
Because REV-ERB receptors are core clock components, SR9009 has been examined for effects on daily rhythms as well as metabolism. Research has explored whether the compound can shift or reinforce circadian gene expression in tissues such as liver and muscle. Some studies report improved metabolic markers in obese or diabetic mice, while others show context-dependent responses. Questions remain about which effects are direct, which are secondary to timing, and how they might differ across species.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of REV-ERB nuclear receptors. REV-ERB alpha and REV-ERB beta help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In laboratory research, SR9009 has been used to probe how these receptors affect skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The compound was identified in academic drug-discovery work and is often described in scientific literature by its chemical name and research code. It is not an approved medicine, and human clinical data remain limited or absent.
SR9009 binds REV-ERB receptors and alters their repressive activity on target genes. This action can change transcription of genes involved in lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. In rodent studies, treated animals have shown changes in muscle oxidative capacity and exercise performance, though effects vary by dose, duration, and model. The precise molecular steps connecting receptor binding to whole-body outcomes are still an active area of investigation. Findings in animals do not automatically translate to humans.
Detection of SR9009 in biological samples usually employs liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This method can identify the parent compound and sometimes metabolites in urine or blood. Because exposure can be low and clearance may be rapid, sample timing and limits of detection matter. Laboratories validate assays for sensitivity and specificity. Results are interpreted alongside chain-of-custody and quality-control records. Urine is the common matrix for anti-doping analysis, while blood may be used in research settings.
Handling recommendations for SR9009 in a laboratory setting include storing the solid at low temperature, protected from light and moisture. The compound is often dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol for experiments. Solutions should be prepared with appropriate personal protective equipment and disposed of according to local rules. Stability data for long-term storage are limited, so stock solutions are typically kept cold and used within defined periods. Records of preparation date and concentration support reproducibility.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical class | Synthetic REV-ERB agonist | Small-molecule nuclear receptor ligand |
| Appearance | Off-white to pale yellow solid | Typical for research-grade powder |
| Solubility class | Soluble in DMSO; low water solubility | Common stock solutions use organic solvent |
| Typical stock solvent | Dimethyl sulfoxide | Used for laboratory assays |
| Common analytical method | HPLC with UV or mass detection | Used for identity and purity checks |
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule developed as a REV-ERB agonist. It binds to REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, nuclear receptors that help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In cell and animal studies, the compound alters lipid and glucose handling and influences skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Its exact effects in humans remain largely uncharacterized because controlled clinical trials have not been reported. The molecule is frequently described in preclinical literature as a metabolic modulator.
Research interest in SR9009 grew from studies showing improved running endurance in mice after short treatment periods. Those experiments linked the compound to increased mitochondrial content and fatty acid oxidation in muscle, but the findings come from animal models and specific dosing schedules. Independent replication has been limited, and the pathways connecting REV-ERB activation to exercise performance are still being mapped. Whether similar responses occur in humans is an open question.
The fifth and final single from the album, "Zzyzx Rd.", started receiving radio airplay in fall 2007; no music video was made for the single. The band began touring in support of the album before its release, starting with several free shows in the US, followed by appearances at festivals in Europe. They then joined Korn for their 2006 edition of Family Values Tour across the US, with 33 dates across 3 months. On August 8, 2006, Stone Sour made a special guest appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno to promote and perform the second single, "Through Glass." They also performed at the Japanese Summer Sonic Festival midway through the Family Values Tour. In November and December 2006, Stone Sour joined Disturbed for their Music as a Weapon Tour. In January 2007, Stone Sour joined Evanescence for a Canadian tour, followed by a headlining tour of Europe. They then headlined the spring 2007 Jägermeister Music Tour across the US, followed by headlining tours in Australia and Japan. They then started a tour in Europe playing at festivals and selected headline shows. They finished touring in support of the album with a headlining tour in the US in August and September in 2007.
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a multifunctional peptide hormone that plays an important role in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system and in inflammatory response. It acts as a potent vasodilator, regulating vascular tone and blood pressure through both endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms. ADM exerts protective effects on the cardiovascular system by inhibiting apoptosis in endothelial cells, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. In the heart, it increases cardiac output and augments myocardial contractility. Beyond its cardiovascular functions, ADM demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties, modulating cytokine production and secretion in macrophages. It also contributes to the maintenance of vascular integrity, potentially reducing vascular permeability during inflammatory conditions. In addition, ADM has been implicated in angiogenesis, protection of organs, and tissue repair. Because of its wide-ranging effects, it has potential therapeutic applications in a variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, and cardiovascular disorders.
The sequence of GVPa is extremely well conserved. GvpJ and gvpM, two proteins encoded in the cluster of genes required for gas vesicle synthesis in the archaebacteria Halobacterium salinarium and Halobacterium mediterranei (Haloferax mediterranei), have been found to be evolutionarily related to GVPa. The exact function of these two proteins is not known, although they could be important for determining the shape determination gas vesicles. The N-terminal domain of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae protein gvpA/J is also related to GVPa. GvpA of Halobacterium salinarum is a 76 amino acid long 8 kDa hydrophobic monomer. Gas vesicles are hollow cylindrical tubes, closed by a hollow, conical cap at each end. Both the conical end caps and central cylinder are made up of 4-5 nm wide ribs that run at right angles to the long axis of the structure. Gas vesicles seem to be constituted of two different protein components, GVPa and GVPc. GVPa, a small protein of about 70 amino acid residues, is the main constituent of gas vesicles and form the essential core of the structure.
The Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) is characterized by the disappearance of sulfur isotope mass-independent fractionation (MIF) in the sedimentary records at around 2.45 billion years ago (Ga). The MIF of sulfur isotope (Δ33S) is defined by the deviation of measured δ33S value from the δ33S value inferred from the measured δ34S value according to the mass dependent fractionation law. The Great Oxidation Event represented a massive transition of global sulfur cycles. Before the Great Oxidation Event, the sulfur cycle was heavily influenced by the ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the associated photochemical reactions, which induced the sulfur isotope mass-independent fractionation (Δ33S ≠ 0). The preservation of sulfur isotope mass-independent fractionation signals requires the atmospheric O2 lower than 10−5 of present atmospheric level (PAL). The disappearance of sulfur isotope mass-independent fractionation at ~2.45 Ga indicates that atmospheric pO2 exceeded 10−5 present atmospheric level after the Great Oxygenation Event. Oxygen played an essential role in the global sulfur cycles after the Great Oxygenation Event, such as oxidative weathering of sulfides. The burial of pyrite in sediments in turn contributes to the accumulation of free O2 in Earth's surface environment.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
PIP2 domains (also called PIP2 clusters) are a type of cholesterol-independent lipid domain formed from phosphatidylinositol and positively charged proteins in the plasma membrane. They tend to inhibit GM1 lipid raft function. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is an anionic signaling lipid. Its polyunsaturated acyl chains exclude it from GM1 lipid rafts. The multiple negative charges on PIP2 are thought to cluster proteins with positive charges residing in the plasma membrane leading to nanoscale clusters. PIP3 is also clustered away from PIP2 and away from GM1 lipid rafts. PIP2 domains inhibit GM1 domain function by attracting palmitoylated proteins away from GM1 lipid rafts. For this to occur, a protein must be both palmitoylated and bind PIP2. Presumably PIP2 could also antagonize PIP3 localization but this has not been shown directly.
76. Hydromorphone. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006–. 2026 Sep 15. Limited data indicate that hydromorphone is excreted into breastmilk in small amounts, but large maternal dosages have caused neonatal central nervous system depression. In general, Maternal use of oral opioids during breastfeeding can cause infant drowsiness, which may progress to rare but severe central nervous system depression. Newborn infants seem to be particularly sensitive to the effects of even small dosages of narcotic analgesics. If hydromorphone is required by the mother of a newborn, it is not a reason to discontinue breastfeeding; however, once the mother’s milk comes in, it is best to provide pain control with a nonnarcotic analgesic and limit maternal intake of hydromorphone to 2 to 3 days at a low dosage with close infant monitoring.[1] If the baby shows signs of increased sleepiness (more than usual), difficulty breastfeeding, breathing difficulties, or limpness, a physician should be contacted immediately. Withdrawal symptoms can occur in breastfed infants when maternal administration of an opioid analgesic is stopped, or when breastfeeding is stopped.
Collagen has a wide variety of applications. In the medical industry, it is used in cosmetic surgery and burn surgery. An example of collagen use for food manufacturing is in casings for sausages. If collagen is subject to sufficient denaturation, such as by heating, the three tropocollagen strands separate partially or completely into globular domains, containing a different secondary structure to the normal collagen polyproline II (PPII) of random coils. This process describes the formation of gelatin, which is used in many foods, including flavored gelatin desserts. Besides food, gelatin has been used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and photography industries. From the Greek for glue, kolla, the word collagen means "glue producer" and refers to the early process of boiling the skin and sinews of horses and other animals to obtain glue. Collagen adhesive was used by Egyptians about 4,000 years ago, and Native Americans used it in bows about 1,500 years ago. The oldest glue in the world, carbon-dated as more than 8,000 years old, was found to be collagen – used as a protective lining on rope baskets and embroidered fabrics, to hold utensils together, and in crisscross decorations on human skulls. Collagen normally converts to gelatin, but survived due to dry conditions. Animal glues are thermoplastic, softening again upon reheating, so they are still used in making musical instruments such as fine violins and guitars, which may have to be reopened for repairs – an application incompatible with tough, synthetic plastic adhesives, which are permanent.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that acts on REV-ERB nuclear receptors. It is not approved for human use and is sold only as a research chemical. Its effects have been studied mainly in cells and rodents.
It binds REV-ERB alpha and REV-ERB beta and changes the expression of genes tied to metabolism and circadian rhythm. These changes can affect mitochondria and energy use in animal models. The exact chain from receptor binding to physiological outcome is still being mapped.
No reliable human trials show that SR9009 improves athletic performance. Some rodent studies report endurance changes, but these results are not proof of human benefit. Its use in sport is prohibited, and quality and safety data are lacking.
Its legal status depends on the country and intended use. It is not an approved medicine in major jurisdictions. In sport, it is prohibited by anti-doping rules.